Umgca weMveliso yokuHamba ngeStamping eshushu enesantya esiphezulu yeSteel enamandla aphezulu (iAluminiyam)
Ezona mpawu
Umgca wemveliso wenzelwe ukuphucula inkqubo yokwenziwa kwezixhobo zeemoto ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji yokunyathela ngobushushu. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hot stamping e-Asia kunye ne-press hardening eYurophu, ibandakanya ukufudumeza izinto ezingenanto kubushushu obuthile uze uzicinezele kwiimolds ezifanelekileyo usebenzisa iteknoloji yokunyathela ngobushushu be-hydraulic ngelixa ugcina uxinzelelo ukuze ufezekise imo oyifunayo kwaye utshintshe ngokwesigaba sezinto zesinyithi. Indlela yokunyathela ngobushushu inokwahlulwa ngokweendlela zokunyathela ngobushushu ngokuthe ngqo nangokungathanga ngqo.
Iingenelo
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zezixhobo zokwakha ezifakwe isitampu esishushu kukwakheka kwazo okugqwesileyo, okuvumela ukuveliswa kwejometri ezintsonkothileyo ezinamandla okutsalwa angaqhelekanga. Amandla aphezulu ezixhobo ezifakwe isitampu esishushu avumela ukusetyenziswa kwamacwecwe esinyithi abhityileyo, kunciphisa ubunzima bezixhobo ngelixa kugcinwa ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kokuwa. Ezinye izibonelelo ziquka:
Imisebenzi Yokudibanisa Encitshisiweyo:Itekhnoloji yokunyathela ngobushushu inciphisa isidingo sokuwelda okanye imisebenzi yoqhagamshelo lokubopha, nto leyo ephumela ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuphuculwa kokuthembeka kwemveliso.
I-Springback kunye ne-Warpage ezincitshisiweyo:Inkqubo yokunyathela ngobushushu inciphisa ukuguquguquka okungafunekiyo, okufana ne-part springback kunye ne-warpage, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka okuchanekileyo kobukhulu kunye nokunciphisa isidingo sokulungiswa kwakhona okongezelelweyo.
Iziphene zeCandelo ezimbalwa:Iindawo ezinesitampu esishushu azibonisi ziphene zininzi, ezifana nokuqhekeka nokuqhekeka, xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokwenza ubanda, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphuculeni umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma.
I-Lower Press Tonnage:Ukunyathela ngobushushu kunciphisa i-press tonnage efunekayo xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokwenza izinto ezibandayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekongeni iindleko kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kweempawu zezinto:Itekhnoloji yokunyathela ngobushushu ivumela ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kweempawu zezinto ezisekelwe kwiindawo ezithile zenxalenye, okuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza.
Uphuculo oluphuculweyo lweZakhiwo zeMikroskopu:Ukunyathela okushushu kunika amandla okuphucula ulwakhiwo lwesixhobo, nto leyo ephumela ekuphuculeni iimpawu zoomatshini kunye nokuqina kwemveliso.
Amanyathelo okuvelisa acwangcisiweyo:Ukunyathela ngobushushu kususa okanye kunciphisa amanyathelo okuvelisa aphakathi, nto leyo ebangela inkqubo yokuvelisa elula, imveliso ephuculweyo, kunye namaxesha amafutshane okukhokela.
Izicelo zeMveliso
Umgca weMveliso ye-High-Strength Steel (Aluminium) High-Speed Hot Stamping Production usetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni amalungu omzimba amhlophe eemoto. Oku kuquka ii-pillar assemblies, ii-bumpers, ii-cango beams, kunye nee-roof rail assemblies ezisetyenziswa kwizithuthi zabakhweli. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwee-alloys eziphambili ezivuselelwa yi-hot stamping kuya kujongwa ngakumbi kumashishini afana ne-aerospace, ukhuselo, kunye neemarike ezisakhulayo. Ezi alloys zibonelela ngeenzuzo zamandla aphezulu kunye nobunzima obuncitshisiweyo okunzima ukubufikelela ngezinye iindlela zokwakheka.
Ukuqukumbela, uMgca weMveliso ye-High-Strength Steel (Aluminium) High-Speed Hot Stamping Production uqinisekisa ukuveliswa okuchanekileyo nokufanelekileyo kwamalungu omzimba eemoto anobume obunzima. Ngokwakheka okuphezulu, ukusebenza okuncitshisiweyo kokudibana, iziphene ezincitshisiweyo, kunye neempawu zezinto eziphuculweyo, lo mgca wemveliso ubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi. Usetyenziso lwawo lufikelela ekuvelisweni kwamalungu omzimba amhlophe kwizithuthi zabakhweli kwaye lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezinokubakho kwi-aerospace, ukhuselo, kunye neemarike ezikhulayo. Tyala imali kwiMgca weMveliso ye-High-Strength Steel (Aluminium) High-Speed Hot Stamping Production ukuze ufumane ukusebenza okugqwesileyo, imveliso, kunye neenzuzo zoyilo olukhaphukhaphu kwimizi-mveliso yeemoto kunye nemibutho enxulumene nayo.
Yintoni i-hot stamping?
I-Hot stamping, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-press hardening eYurophu kunye ne-hot press forming e-Asia, yindlela yokwenza izinto apho i-blank ifudunyezwa ukuya kubushushu obuthile ize igximfizwe kwaye icinywe phantsi koxinzelelo kwi-die ehambelanayo ukuze kufezekiswe imo efunekayo kwaye kubangele utshintsho lwesigaba kwi-metal material. Itekhnoloji ye-Hot stamping ibandakanya ukufudumeza amaphepha entsimbi ye-boron (ngamandla okuqala angama-500-700 MPa) kwimeko ye-austenitizing, ukuwadlulisela ngokukhawuleza kwi-die ukuze kugximfizwe ngesantya esiphezulu, kunye nokucima inxalenye engaphakathi kwi-die ngesantya sokupholisa esingaphezulu kwama-27°C/s, kulandele ixesha lokubamba phantsi koxinzelelo, ukuze kufunyanwe izinto zentsimbi ezinamandla kakhulu ezinesakhiwo esifanayo se-martensitic.
Iingenelo zokunyathela ngobushushu
Ukuphucula amandla okuxinana kunye nokukwazi ukwenza iijometri ezintsonkothileyo.
Ukunciphisa ubunzima bezinto ngokusebenzisa isinyithi esincinci ngelixa kugcinwa ukuqina kwesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kokuwa.
Ukuncipha kwesidingo sokudibanisa imisebenzi efana nokuwelda okanye ukubopha.
Inxalenye yentwasahlobo encitshisiweyo kunye nokugoba.
Zimbalwa iziphene zenxalenye ezifana nokuqhekeka nokuqhekeka.
Iimfuneko zokunciphisa itoni yokucinezela xa kuthelekiswa nokwakheka kobandayo.
Ubuchule bokulungisa iipropati zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ngokweendawo ezithile.
Ulwakhiwo oluphuculweyo lwezakhiwo ezincinci ukuze kusebenze ngcono.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa elungelelanisiweyo enamanyathelo ambalwa okusebenza ukuze kufunyanwe imveliso egqityiweyo.
Ezi nzuzo zinegalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle, umgangatho, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo zesakhiwo ezifakwe uphawu olushushu.
Iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nokunyathela okushushu
1. Ukunyathela Okushushu vs Ukunyathela Okubandayo
Ukunyathela okushushu yinkqubo yokwenza eyenziwa emva kokufudumeza ishidi lesinyithi, ngelixa ukunyathela okubandayo kubhekisa ekunyatheleni ngokuthe ngqo ishidi lesinyithi ngaphandle kokufudumeza kwangaphambili.
Ukustampa ngokubandayo kuneengenelo ezicacileyo kune-hot stamping. Nangona kunjalo, kukwabonisa ezinye iingxaki. Ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu olubangelwa yinkqubo yokustampa ngokubandayo xa kuthelekiswa nokustampa ngokushushu, iimveliso ezistampiweyo ngokubandayo zisengozini yokuqhekeka nokuqhekeka. Ke ngoko, kufuneka izixhobo zokustampa ezichanekileyo ukuze kustampiwe ngokubandayo.
Ukunyathela okushushu kubandakanya ukufudumeza ishidi lesinyithi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngaphambi kokunyathela kunye nokucima ngaxeshanye kwidayi. Oku kukhokelela ekuguqulweni ngokupheleleyo kwesakhiwo sentsimbi sibe yi-martensite, nto leyo ebangela amandla aphezulu ukusuka kwi-1500 ukuya kwi-2000 MPa. Ngenxa yoko, iimveliso ezinyathela okushushu zibonisa amandla aphezulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye ezinyathela okubandayo.
2. I-Hot Stamping Process Flow
Ukunyathela okushushu, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-"press hardening," kubandakanya ukufudumeza iphepha elinamandla aphezulu elinamandla okuqala angama-500-600 MPa ukuya kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi kwama-880 nama-950°C. Iphepha elishushu emva koko linyatheliswa ngokukhawuleza kwaye licinywe kwidayi, nto leyo efikelela kumazinga okupholisa angama-20-300°C/s. Ukuguqulwa kwe-austenite ibe yi-martensite ngexesha lokunyathela kuphucula kakhulu amandla ecandelo, okuvumela ukuveliswa kweendawo ezinyathelweyo ezinamandla afikelela kwi-1500 MPa. Iindlela zokunyathela okushushu zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini: ukunyathela okushushu ngqo kunye nokunyathela okushushu ngokungathanga ngqo:
Kwi-hot stamping ngqo, i-preheated blank ifakwe ngqo kwi-closed die ukuze i-stamping ne-quenching. Iinkqubo ezilandelayo ziquka ukupholisa, ukusika imiphetho kunye nokubhoboza imingxunya (okanye ukusika nge-laser), kunye nokucoca umphezulu.
I-Fiture1: imo yokucubungula i-hot stamping--i-hot stamping ethe ngqo
Kwinkqubo yokunyathela ngobushushu obungathanga ngqo, inyathelo lokuqala lokwenza imilo ebandayo lenziwa ngaphambi kokungena kwizigaba zokufudumeza, ukunyathela ngobushushu, ukucheba imiphetho, ukubhoboza imingxunya, kunye nokucoca umphezulu.
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kweenkqubo zokunyathela ngobushushu obungathanga ngqo kunye neenkqubo zokunyathela ngobushushu obuthe ngqo kuxhomekeke ekufakweni kwenyathelo lokubumba ngaphambi kokuba kufudunyezwe ngendlela engathanga ngqo. Kwi-stamping eshushu ngqo, isinyithi sifakwa ngqo kwi-furnace yokufudumeza, ngelixa kwi-stamping eshushu engathanga ngqo, icandelo elibunjiweyo elibunjiweyo elibunjiweyo lithunyelwa kwi-furnace yokufudumeza.
Ukuhamba kwenkqubo ye-hot stamping engathanga ngqo kudla ngokubandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:
Ukubumba kwangaphambili okwenza ubushushu--Ukufudumeza-Ukunyathela okushushu--Ukucheba imiphetho kunye nokubhoboza imingxunya-Ukucocwa komphezulu
I-Fiture2: imo yokucubungula isitampu esishushu--isitampu esishushu esingathanga ngqo
3. Izixhobo eziphambili zokunyathela ngobushushu ziquka isithando sobushushu, umatshini wokushicilela oshushu, kunye neenkuni zokunyathela ngobushushu
Isithando somlilo sokufudumeza:
Isithando somlilo esifudumezayo sixhotyiswe ngezakhono zokulawula ukufudumeza nobushushu. Siyakwazi ukufudumeza iipleyiti ezinamandla aphezulu ukuya kubushushu bokuphinda kusetyenziswe icrystallization ngexesha elithile, sifikelele kwimeko ye-austenitic. Kufuneka sikwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemfuno ezinkulu zemveliso eqhubekayo ezenzekelayo. Njengoko i-billet efudumezayo inokusingathwa kuphela ziirobhothi okanye iingalo zoomatshini, isithando somlilo sifuna ukulayisha kunye nokukhupha izinto ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuchanekileyo okuphezulu. Ukongeza, xa kufudunyezwa iipleyiti zentsimbi ezingagqunywanga, kufuneka zibonelele ngokhuseleko lwegesi ukuthintela i-oxidation yomphezulu kunye nokususwa kwecarbonization ye-billet.
I-Hot Forming Press:
I-press yeyona nto iphambili kwitekhnoloji yokunyathela ngobushushu. Kufuneka ibe nokukwazi ukunyathela nokubamba ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokupholisa ngokukhawuleza. Ubunzima bobuchwephesha boomatshini bokwenza izinto ezishushu budlula kakhulu oboomatshini bokunyathela ngobushushu abaqhelekileyo. Okwangoku, zimbalwa iinkampani zangaphandle ezinolwazi loyilo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokwenza ezo mashini, kwaye zonke zixhomekeke ekuthengeni kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zibize kakhulu.
Iimbumba zokunyathela ezishushu:
Iimold ezishushu zokunyathela zenza zombini izigaba zokubumba kunye nezokucima. Kwinqanaba lokubumba, xa i-billet ingeniswe kwi-mold cavity, i-mold igqiba ngokukhawuleza inkqubo yokunyathela ukuqinisekisa ukugqitywa kokwakheka kwenxalenye ngaphambi kokuba izinto zidlule kutshintsho lwesigaba se-martensitic. Emva koko, ingena kwinqanaba lokucima kunye nokupholisa, apho ubushushu obuvela kwi-workpiece ngaphakathi kwi-mold budluliselwa rhoqo kwi-mold. Iipayipi zokupholisa ezibekwe ngaphakathi kwi-mold zisusa ngoko nangoko ubushushu nge-coolant ehambayo. Utshintsho lwe-martensitic-austenitic luqala xa ubushushu be-workpiece buhla buye kwi-425°C. Utshintsho phakathi kwe-martensite kunye ne-austenite luphela xa ubushushu bufikelela kwi-280°C, kwaye i-workpiece ikhutshwa kwi-200°C. Indima yokubamba i-mold kukuthintela ukwanda kobushushu obungalinganiyo kunye nokucutheka ngexesha lenkqubo yokucima, okunokubangela utshintsho olukhulu kwimo kunye nobukhulu benxalenye, okukhokelela ekukhuhleni. Ukongeza, kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokudluliselwa kobushushu phakathi kwe-workpiece kunye ne-mold, okukhuthaza ukucima kunye nokupholisa ngokukhawuleza.
Ngamafutshane, izixhobo eziphambili zokufunxa i-hot stamping ziquka i-heat stamping ukuze kufunyanwe ubushushu obufunekayo, i-hot forming press yokufunxa i-fast stamping kunye ne-hot stamping esebenzisa inkqubo yokupholisa ngokukhawuleza, kunye ne-hot stamping molds ezenza zombini izigaba zokufunxa kunye nezokucima ukuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwenxalenye ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokupholisa ngokufanelekileyo.
Isantya sokupholisa esicimayo asichaphazeli nje kuphela ixesha lokuvelisa, kodwa sichaphazela nokusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa phakathi kwe-austenite kunye ne-martensite. Izinga lokupholisa limisela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesakhiwo sekristale oluya kwenziwa kwaye lunxulumene nesiphumo sokugqibela sokuqina kwesixhobo somsebenzi. Ubushushu bokupholisa obubalulekileyo bentsimbi ye-boron bumalunga ne-30℃/s, kwaye kuphela xa izinga lokupholisa lidlula ubushushu bokupholisa obubalulekileyo apho ukwakheka kwesakhiwo se-martensitic kungakhuthazwa kakhulu. Xa izinga lokupholisa lingaphantsi kweqondo lokupholisa elibalulekileyo, izakhiwo ezingezizo ze-martensitic ezifana ne-bainite ziya kuvela kwisakhiwo se-crystallization sesixhobo somsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, xa izinga lokupholisa liphezulu, kokukhona lingcono, izinga lokupholisa liphezulu liya kukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kweendawo ezenziweyo, kwaye uluhlu lwezinga lokupholisa olufanelekileyo kufuneka lumiselwe ngokwendlela yokwakheka kwezinto kunye neemeko zenkqubo zeendawo.
Ekubeni uyilo lombhobho wokupholisa lunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nobukhulu besantya sokupholisa, umbhobho wokupholisa ngokubanzi uyilwe ngokwembono yokusebenza kakuhle kokudlulisa ubushushu, ngoko ke icala lombhobho wokupholisa oyilwe ngalo liyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi, kwaye kunzima ukulifumana ngokugrumba ngoomatshini emva kokugqitywa kokugrumba ngomatshini. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukucutshungulwa ngoomatshini, indlela yokugcina imijelo yamanzi ngaphambi kokugrumba ngomatshini ikhethwa ngokubanzi.
Ngenxa yokuba isebenza ixesha elide kwi-200℃ ukuya kwi-880~950℃ phantsi kweemeko ezibandayo nezishushu kakhulu, izinto ezishushu zokutshiza kufuneka zibe nokuqina okuhle kwesakhiwo kunye nokuqhuba kobushushu, kwaye zinokumelana nokungqubana okunamandla kobushushu okubangelwa yi-billet kubushushu obuphezulu kunye nefuthe lokuguguleka okurhabaxa kwamasuntswana omaleko we-oxide owileyo. Ukongeza, izinto zokubumba kufuneka zibe nokumelana okuhle kokugqwala kwi-coolant ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kakuhle kombhobho wokupholisa.
Ukusika nokubhoboza
Ngenxa yokuba amandla eendawo emva kokunyathelisa ngobushushu afikelela malunga ne-1500MPa, ukuba kusetyenziswa ukusika nokubhoboza nge-press, iimfuno zetoni yezixhobo zikhulu, kwaye ukuguguleka komphetho wokusika kukhulu kakhulu. Ke ngoko, iiyunithi zokusika nge-laser zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukusika imiphetho kunye nemingxunya.
4. Amanqanaba aqhelekileyo entsimbi yokunyathela eshushu
Ukusebenza ngaphambi kokunyathela
Ukusebenza emva kokunyathela
Okwangoku, umgangatho oqhelekileyo wentsimbi yokunyathela eshushu yi-B1500HS. Amandla okutsalwa ngaphambi kokunyathela aphakathi kwe-480-800MPa, kwaye emva kokunyathela, amandla okutsalwa angafikelela kwi-1300-1700MPa. Oko kukuthi, amandla okutsalwa kwepleyiti yentsimbi ye-480-800MPa, ngokusebenzisa ukunyathela okushushu, anokufumana amandla okutsalwa amalunga ne-1300-1700MPa.
5. Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi yokunyathela eshushu
Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokunyathela ezishushu kunokuphucula kakhulu ukhuseleko lokungqubana kwemoto kwaye kufezekise ukukhanya komzimba wemoto ngombala omhlophe. Okwangoku, ubuchwepheshe bokunyathela ezishushu busetyenzisiwe kwiindawo ezimhlophe zomzimba wemoto yabakhweli, njengemoto, i-A pillar, i-B pillar, i-bumper, umqadi wocango kunye nomzila wophahla kunye nezinye iindawo. Jonga umfanekiso 3 ngezantsi umzekelo iindawo ezifanelekileyo zokulinganisa ukukhanya.
Umfanekiso 3: Izinto zomzimba ezimhlophe ezifanelekileyo zokunyathela ezishushu
Umfanekiso 4: Umgca wokushicilela we-jiangdong oomatshini be-1200 Ton Hot Stamping Press
Okwangoku, izisombululo zemveliso yomgca we-hydraulic MACHINERY hot stamping hydraulic press ziye zakhula kakhulu kwaye zizinzile, kwicandelo laseTshayina lokwakha i-hot stamping likwinqanaba eliphambili, kwaye njengesebe le-China Machine Tool Association forging machinery branch vice-chairman kunye neeyunithi zamalungu e-China Forging Machinery Standardization Committee, sikwaqhube uphando kunye nomsebenzi wokusetyenziswa kwe-super high speed hot stamping yentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium, edlale indima enkulu ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lweshishini le-hot stamping eTshayina nakwihlabathi liphela.
